I understand your frustration at Hillary ending up as the nominee, believe me. It felt like she was old news back in 2008 when she was the presumptive nominee and Obama blew her out of the water. She is an old guard politician through and through, and I do think the democratic party of her husband ran rightward whenever they had a scare, but it was almost certainly that rightward tilt that actually enabled him to win the election back in 1992. I don't think it's necessary now, in fact I think many people want the democrats to lean more heavily leftward, like you seem to want.
On the one hand, if Hillary had been elected, I still think the democrats would be moving leftward because the political winds were already blowing in that direction, and Hillary is nothing, if not someone that follows the political winds. However, the republicans would be obstructing her at every conceivable opportunity, and because of the fact that they have a majority in congress AND the senate, they'd be quite effective. Come the midterm elections if Hillary won, the democrats would probably lose more seats in the house because she would be blamed for the republicans obstructing the ever loving shit out of her. The key difference is that there would potentially be two different nominees to the supreme court (well, at least 1).
I can understand the desire to protest vote (as you said you did) or at least not vote (like a lot of people did) and I'm not going to judge you on that. However, the reality of our political system, as I see it, is basically winner takes all and winner can consolidate power to make it harder for their opponent to win. They can redistrict and gerrymander electoral maps. It's this giant system where the winner of state elections can effect not only state elections but also federal elections going forward. If one party controls the senate and one party controls house, then the house is mostly a wash but the president can do some stuff. If one party controls the house and the senate, then the president can barely do anything, but can veto a lot of what the two chambers of the house are trying to do. If one party controls the house, the senate, and the presidency than they have almost unlimited power, and there's little the other party can do to stop them.
For instance, there was nothing stopping Mitch McConnell from with-holding a confirmation vote on the supreme court nominee Marick Garland. Had Hillary won, there would have been nothing stopping him from withholding on that vote again. Yes, there are political norms and expectations, but they don't mean shit. there was nothing stopping Mitch from doing what he did, and there was nothing stopping him from continuing to do it, until the Republicans confirmed a different candidate or lost control of the senate. All these political norms, which are now pretty useless, were created at a time when society was honor-based and people wouldn't break those norms for fear of being dishonorable. If Mitch Mconnell had did that back in the time of the founding fathers, he and Chuck Schumer would have probably dueled with pistols at dawn, either that or someone would have caned his ass.
Either way, as enlightened of political thinkers as the founding fathers were, I don't think they foresaw the world of modern politics as they exist today.