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What about the other part of the sentence is informative to the second?
I'm not sure what you are asking. This is basic grammar.
In grammar, a modifier is an optional element in phrase structure or clause structure. A modifier is so called because it is said to modify (change the meaning of) another element in the structure, on which it is dependent.
If we simply look at the structure of a complex sentence, how would you interpret that as two distinct sentences forming complete thoughts on their own? They don't. Therefore the entire sentence is considered in order to form a coherent message.
I tried to be as clear as possible with the example I gave, which you didn't address. Since I've answered your questions, I'd appreciate you giving your thoughts on what I asked:
A well regulated insulin maintenance program, being necessary to the health of a diabetic, the right of the people to keep and inject insulin, shall not be infringed.
If you were a doctor, would you hand out the above axiom to your patients and simply insist on the underlined fragment above, willfully ignoring the part about a 'well regulated insulin maintenance program'?