Let's make this fair and exclude Celestials, Cosmic Beings, Gods, the Living Tribunal, and Omega level mutants such as Mad Jim Jaspers, Franklin Richards etc. And ofcourse TOAA
Goku absolutely cannot beat them that is irrefutable but they have powers and abilities that make it just unfair and silly.
So we are left with human, superhuman, herald and sky father level characters all of whom range in power and abilities.
Goku easily goes through all human level (Batman, Ironman, Hawkeye, Robin etc.)
Goku easily goes through superhuman (Spiderman, Deadpool, most X-Men, Blade etc.)
Goku goes through all heralds (Thor, Silver Surfer, Dr. Doom, etc.)
Goku stops at high fathers everytime (Thanos with the infinity stones, Zeus, Odin, Darkseid, Superman etc.) Maybe he beats some and loses to some but he is around that level based on actual feats.
I don't like Dragon Balls power scaling, it is horrendous, they say stuff like every punch tears a hole in the fabric of time or alters reality but yet he is fighting on earth with humans 20 feet away and nothing happens.. They throw the term 'God' around alot aswell, it is pretty meaningless in Dragon Ball because then he will struggle with a SSJ2 Califla in 'God mode' so I would take it with a pinch of salt.
Goku doesn't have amazing feats to back up the claims, he is like I originally said a master martial artist with amazing energy projection.
The Living Tribunal actually thought the Beyonders in all universes at the same time and all of reality was affected, DB has never done anything like this.